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华为学习 数通原理参考教材_卷一（交换、广域网和路由）: ]# c/ J7 @2 ^3 v# O
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1 以太网 ........................................................................................................................................... 1-19 ^+ Z2 i2 Z# n( H
1.1 以太网的起源 .............................................................................................................................................. 1-2
; d4 S& z8 Q; G" y3 i- \ b1.2 以太网的物理层 .......................................................................................................................................... 1-2- e1 v0 [. X- e/ X* K' X$ u- b- a% {
1.2.1 以太网的线缆标准简介 ..................................................................................................................... 1-2
1 w/ P# j5 q" ^+ S2 o% ^1 u1.2.2 CSMA/CD ........................................................................................................................................... 1-4: ]$ `" t3 S& C
1.2.3 最小帧长与最大传输距离 ................................................................................................................. 1-5 f/ K8 J$ X5 C. ^4 o$ k3 ^% \
1.2.4 以太网的双工模式 ............................................................................................................................. 1-5
: \5 V) `3 l5 C v9 i1.2.5 以太网的自动协商 ............................................................................................................................. 1-6
. k% r; U5 E) L# k% u1 g/ Y' _( U1.2.6 HUB ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-76 ^9 I3 w- c- L7 n( o
1.3 以太网的数据链路层 .................................................................................................................................. 1-9
/ q# N: n5 }$ D: i1.3.1 以太网链路层的分层结构 ................................................................................................................. 1-9
2 R3 X8 a- w# ?( Q' x1.3.2 MAC 子层 ........................................................................................................................................... 1-9( e* \0 ]$ r4 H* C z
1.3.3 以太网帧结构................................................................................................................................... 1-11
* k/ o/ G# K) M b1.3.4 LLC 子层 ........................................................................................................................................... 1-130 z$ p- u# F9 ^1 {. x
1.3.5 以太网交换机................................................................................................................................... 1-132 |& _& E( N5 d$ {4 O& a; Q/ P9 K$ I, t
1.4 以太网的发展 ............................................................................................................................................ 1-15
6 x$ _ V3 J5 [- r1.4.1 共享式以太网................................................................................................................................... 1-159 \0 Y! k0 q# A9 d+ H3 u3 q. s
1.4.2 交换式以太网................................................................................................................................... 1-15* B- g) L3 A# b \
1.4.3 1000M 以太网和10G 以太网 .......................................................................................................... 1-167 Y& @0 J0 i, a, p
1.5 以太网的应用 ............................................................................................................................................ 1-176 t* X% \3 p5 _, p
1.5.1 计算机互连 ...................................................................................................................................... 1-17
( R# V. x1 b+ B9 y1 }' D# H5 o2 n1.5.2 高速网络设备之间互连 ................................................................................................................... 1-17
- G) P1 n( V6 @1 [3 w1.5.3 城域网中用户接入的手段 ............................................................................................................... 1-17
0 i" _; G% Z( h# ^3 t" ^# L2 p1.6 参考资料清单 ............................................................................................................................................ 1-17
0 d ^( K4 g$ ~; U2 VLAN .......................................................................................................................................... 2-19+ M3 |( ^, n, c7 R1 }
2.1 VLAN 简介 ................................................................................................................................................. 2-20* o# n- t; J# B- x
2.1.1 VLAN 的引入 ................................................................................................................................... 2-20
3 ?3 g7 `$ g0 M4 A; h& C$ K0 ]2.1.2 VLAN 的划分 ................................................................................................................................... 2-22& }( d2 Q |6 M( q
2.1.3 VLAN 帧格式 ................................................................................................................................... 2-23
! X+ B' m2 E3 y% R9 U6 x2.1.4 VLAN 的基本概念 ............................................................................................................................ 2-246 P0 a0 F, O& }2 W8 n) p
2.2 VLAN 内通信过程 ..................................................................................................................................... 2-26& t( h8 L6 x2 g; @% a
2.2.1 VLAN 基本通信原理 ........................................................................................................................ 2-26& M7 _& Z7 A. |) ]2 S+ n1 n/ S
2.2.2 VLAN 跨越交换机通信原理 ............................................................................................................ 2-27* a. e# r3 \7 W! ?" ]9 N
2.3 VLAN 间通信原理 ..................................................................................................................................... 2-29
- ^7 d% H1 B) H. w, h2.3.1 二层交换机＋路由器 ....................................................................................................................... 2-29
( L% R4 X2 U6 F3 x' K: A7 i% c2.3.2 三层交换机 ...................................................................................................................................... 2-29
! z/ i+ e+ w! ]3 I9 }& O2.4 VLAN Aggregation ..................................................................................................................................... 2-30
7 P( F: @- c, m! G% X: r8 s2.4.1 VLAN aggregation 原理 .................................................................................................................... 2-30
' s3 {0 P! F) `) S2.4.2 VLAN aggregation 的优点 ................................................................................................................ 2-319 v$ m5 S, |& _" m1 Z
2.5 VLAN Stacking ........................................................................................................................................... 2-31
, N9 R' ?$ x5 ~& L8 ?2 W2.6 VLAN Mapping .......................................................................................................................................... 2-322 s7 k, }; D, o7 m
2.7 VLAN Damping .......................................................................................................................................... 2-325 g) i! x$ i) \" k$ j7 Z9 @
2.8 VLAN 的应用 ............................................................................................................................................. 2-33' K& _9 d6 T, P) v1 I# e
2.8.1 基于端口的VLAN 划分 .................................................................................................................. 2-33
" a2 j: _. ^7 w" ~2.8.2 VLAN Trunk 的应用 ......................................................................................................................... 2-34, U8 F5 l" b8 M8 ^( s1 i" f
2.8.3 VLAN 间互通应用 ............................................................................................................................ 2-34
0 p$ b; h- d" W Z4 u5 p1 q) V2.8.4 VLAN Aggregation 的应用 ............................................................................................................... 2-35
) `, a8 ^* `1 \2 d2 u" T e2.9 参考资料清单 ............................................................................................................................................ 2-362 b3 G4 g9 r- B
3 MSTP .......................................................................................................................................... 3-37
: Y& {' M; \* ^+ T! [$ J3.1 MSTP 的引入 ............................................................................................................................................. 3-38) q3 y4 p; J- x) n
3.1.1 STP .................................................................................................................................................... 3-38
. Y6 {$ ]; J* o5 j3.1.2 RSTP .................................................................................................................................................. 3-389 q; W8 ~" i+ F* P
3.1.3 MSTP ................................................................................................................................................. 3-39
% x9 l; e# {4 Z0 }3 o; f% p3.1.4 三种生成树协议的比较 ................................................................................................................... 3-40- m, y) M2 l q/ {4 Y
3.2 MSTP 的基本概念 ..................................................................................................................................... 3-41; d/ N; {' B3 r5 `
3.2.1 MSTP 的网络层次 ............................................................................................................................ 3-41# W4 ?. f% n* y- Y( j/ l' _+ `0 |
3.2.2 MSTP 网络 ........................................................................................................................................ 3-42
, t* |" V K# _4 c; W3.2.3 MST Region ....................................................................................................................................... 3-43; E" s# G- J, V
3.2.4 MSTI .................................................................................................................................................. 3-45
5 Z: D, q5 R9 X8 ]; P w3.2.5 端口角色 .......................................................................................................................................... 3-45
$ W8 E9 G$ e6 ?7 Z( S3.2.6 端口状态 .......................................................................................................................................... 3-48
# \4 |/ e' I! C8 f" I3.3 MSTP 报文格式 ......................................................................................................................................... 3-48" l; x$ e$ `0 h9 t
3.4 MSTP 的拓扑计算 ..................................................................................................................................... 3-526 Y+ g: [$ W* |& _/ s
3.4.1 优先级向量 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-52
, d4 o# L. o6 f8 H, f A$ x$ q3.4.2 CIST 的计算 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-54
6 |- T5 t0 Y' r- Q2 i3.4.3 MSTI 的计算 ..................................................................................................................................... 3-54
' D) {8 x p% v9 j3 @$ I2 B3.4.4 生成树算法实现 ............................................................................................................................... 3-54% e4 f4 F% @- W* q) d' x2 }
3.4.5 MSTP 对拓扑变化的处理 ................................................................................................................ 3-557 I1 n* ~2 K4 m: D+ H6 E$ }
3.5 MSTP 的快速收敛机制 ............................................................................................................................. 3-558 p9 f! C8 R3 ?( l3 x7 L# R- U/ y
3.5.1 Proposal/Agreement 机制 .................................................................................................................. 3-# X0 V P: _) [7 D; O
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